7.5.6 Troll and Tor

7.5.6.1 Topography and local environment

Zzzz

7.5.6.2 Operational requirements and activities relevant to the forecasting process

• Located in Dronning Maud Land at 72°00’7’’ S, 2°32’2’’ E

• Station altitude = 1277 m a.s.l.

Station height defined as the ground level at the position of the wind measurement mast. Reference height for air pressure: 1277.0 m asl. Barometer height: 1284.6 m asl

7.5.6.3 Data sources and services provided

Ø Established as AWS in 1990. Manned station from 25.05.2005.

Ø Station type: Automatic, with possibilities for manual input of data from observers.

Ø WMO-number = 89 504 ; National station number = 99990

Ø Hourly observations

Ø Has been main base for Norwegian field activities in the Antarctic since the establishment in 1990

Ø Communication = ftp via Norwegian Polar Institute. Transmitted to Norwegian Met. Inst. in SYNOP-format.

Ø Distributed at GTS, no restrictions for use of data

Ø All observations freely available (in near real-time) at the met.no eKlima web-portal http://eklima.met.no

Sensor heights

Ø Wind sensors (synoptic use): 10 m above ground

Ø Temperature and humidity (synoptic use): 2 m above ground

Ø Additional wind sensors: 2 m above ground

Ø Additional temperature and humidity sensors: 10 m above ground

Ø All above listed sensors are mounted in the wind measurement mast.

Ø Temperature and humidity screen: Sylindrical, double louvered plastic screen.

Ø Screen dimensions: Diameter: 18 cm, Height: 25 cm.

Sensor types

Ø Wind: Vaisala WAA 252 (velocity) and Vaisala WAV 252 (direction)

Ø Temperature: Pt 100

Ø Humidity: Vaisala HMP45D

Ø Barometer: Vaisala PTB220

Ø Precipitation gauge: Manual gauge. Orifice 200 cm2.

Ø Radiation Instrumentation:

– Short Wave radiation: Kipp & Zonen CM21 pyranometers

– Long wave radiation: Kipp & Zonen CG4 pyrgeometer.

Ø Ground temperature profile from the surface down to 2 m below surface.

Ø Radiation sensors are mounted 3 m above ground. Radiation site is approximately 10 m north of the wind measurement mast.

Research activities at the Troll station

Ø Climatology (meteorology, glaciology, oceanography, biology)

Ø Atmosphere (ozone, climate gases)

Ø Long-distance transport of pollution (organic environmental toxics, heavy metals)

Ø Biological monitoring (birds, vegetation)

Ø Satellite communication station: TrollSat

Weather forecasting

The Norwegian Meteorological Institute issues updated ECMWF-based weather forecasts (1h – 8 days) as well as climate statistics for Troll in Antarctica and other sites in Antarctica at: http://www.yr.no/place/Antarctic/ . An example of the forecast layout is shown in Figure 7.5.6.3.1 (Norway-updated).